Eco-friendly cementless concrete from hazardous iron ore tailing and waste of cellulose-pulp, concrete demolition, and lime production

The rapid deterioration of the environmental situation comes mainly from environmental pollution by industrial and municipal wastes in the form of industrial and landfilled industrial and municipal wastes. The only way out of this threatening situation is the urgent utilization of all these wastes as valuable raw materials alternative to traditional natural materials. This article describes in detail the result of the complete replacement of natural materials with four industrial wastes—from iron ore processing, cellulose and pulp production, concrete production and demolition, and lime production—without changing the technological process nor creating new residues. The samples’ axial resistance values reached up to 4.94 MPa after 3 curing days, 5.75 MPa after 7 days, and 11.47 MPa on the 720th day of outdoor curing. The XRD, SEM, EDS, and LAMMA methods demonstrated the sol–gel solutions’ chemical interaction process and their gradual densification to a stone-like state. The developed materials have high mechanical and environmental properties and can be used to produce construction materials, such as bases of road and airfield runways, levee cores, industrial and municipal dumps, building foundations, bricks, and blocks.