Molecular hallmarks of cancer

Recent research has generated a much clearer understanding of the molecular origins of cancers and the molecular underpinnings of gynecologic cancers. This data in combination with modern drug screening and innovative drug developments has led to the birth of targeted therapy for gynecologic cancers. Drugs targeting angiogenesis, homologous recombination defects, the immune system, and molecular signaling pathways have been tested in gynecologic cancer and have demonstrated therapeutic activity, been FDAapproved, or are still being studied. This effort has not only provided new and novel therapeutic agents but also the challenge of targeted therapies with their narrow and unique toxicities to gynecologic oncologist investigators. The translation of genomic and biochemical discoveries into clinical therapies has been a major step forward for gynecologic cancer patients and their physicians.