A PMU-based back-up protection scheme for fault detection considering uncertainties

•Proposing a simple and fast measurement-based approach for fault discrimination from power swing and load-increasing using the transmission line emulated model between the PMU-buses encompassing the vulnerable area;•Deriving a threshold for fault detection based on the power flow analysis and magnitude of the voltage in the reduced number of buses;•Utilizing the sensitivity analysis to appropriately tackle measurement uncertainties into the problem formulation.•Detection of the asymmetrical faults based on the proposed method.