Endothelial mesenchymal transformation and relationship with vascular abnormalities

Environmental stress has a significant impact on the development of cardiovascular disease. This stress causes the production of free radicals, which in turn leads to the modification of endothelial cells. Vascular endothelial cells will acquire new phenotypes and gradually change their normal physiology during this process. Vascular malformations, atherosclerosis, transplanted arteriosclerosis, aneurysms, and other diseases will result from vessel tissue modification. Vascular changes can occur early in the pregnancy and result in congenital diseases. Hemangioma is a common vascular congenital disease caused by factors that influenced embryo development. Many clinical studies on the etiologies, physiopathology, and treatment of vascular diseases have been conducted. In reviewing these papers, we hoped to advance knowledge of the connection between vascular problems and endothelial mesenchymal transition.