Ti₃C₂T _x MXenes-based flexible materials for electrochemical energy storage and solar energy conversion

Abstract Over the past decade, two-dimensional (2D) Ti 3 C 2 T x MXenes demonstrated attractive characteristics such as high electrical conductivity, tunable layered structure, controllable interfacial chemical composition, high optical transparency, and excellent electromagnetic wave absorption, enabling Ti 3 C 2 T x MXenes as promising electrode materials in energy storage devices. Among these devices, flexible energy storage devices have attracted wide attention and developed rapidly due to the synchronously excellent electrochemical and mechanical properties. This review summarizes the recent progress of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXenes pertaining to novel material preparation and promising applications in energy storage and conversion including batteries, supercapacitors, solar cells, and solar steam generation. This work aims to provide an in-depth and reasonable understanding of the relationship between the unique nanostructure/chemical composition of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXenes and competitive electrochemical properties, which will facilitate the development of 2D Ti 3 C 2 T x MXenes for practical energy storage and solar energy conversion devices.