Canavalia ensiformis lectin induced oxidative stress mediate both toxicity and genotoxicity in Drosophila melanogaster

Mannose/glucose-binding lectin from Canavalia ensiformis seeds (Concanavalin A - ConA) has several biological applications, such as mitogenic and antitumor activity. However, most of the mechanisms involved in the in vivo toxicity of ConA are not well known. In this study, the Drosophila melanogaster model was used to assess the toxicity and genotoxicity of different concentrations of native ConA (4.4, 17.5 and 70 μg/mL) in inhibited and denatured forms of ConA. The data show that native ConA affected: the survival, in the order of 30.6 %, and the locomotor performance of the flies; reduced cell viability to levels below 50 % (4.4 and 17.5 μg/mL); reduced nitric oxide levels; caused lipid peroxidation and increased protein and non-protein thiol content. In the Comet assay, native ConA (17.5 e 70 μg/mL) caused DNA damage higher than 50 %. In contrast, treatments with inhibited and denatured ConA did not affect oxidative stress markers and did not cause DNA damage. We believe that protein-carbohydrate interactions between ConA and carbohydrates of the plasma membrane are probably the major events involved in these activities, suggesting that native ConA activates mechanisms that induce oxidative stress and consequently DNA damage.