Effective treatment of canine chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus variants with oclacitinib: Seven cases

Background The treatment of canine chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CCLE) variants generally requires immunosuppression, which often results in potentially severe adverse effects. Janus kinase inhibitors, like oclacitinib, might be a valuable treatment option due to their rapid inhibition of the action of interferons known to be relevant in the pathogenesis of CCLE. Objectives To report the efficacy and safety of oral oclacitinib for the treatment of canine CCLE variants. Animals Seven dogs were diagnosed with CCLE based on clinical signs and compatible histopathological findings. Materials and methods Oclacitinib was administered at the induction dosage of 0.45 mg/kg twice daily to 1.8 mg/kg once daily. The response to treatment was graded as 'good' when there was >= 50% lesion reduction, or as 'complete remission' if all active lesions had resolved. Complete blood counts were performed at variable intervals. Results A complete remission of all lesions was obtained in the dog with exfoliative cutaneous lupus erythematosus, both dogs with mucocutaneous lupus erythematosus and three of four dogs with facial discoid lupus erythematosus (FDLE); a good response was seen in the remaining dog with FDLE. The first visible improvement of signs was seen within 2-to-3 weeks, while the time to complete remission was around 2 months. Clinical adverse effects were not seen, and haematological parameters remained within the reference range. Conclusions and clinical relevance Oclacitinib may be considered an effective treatment option for different variants of canine CCLE.