A W-Band Wide Locking Range Divide-by-Three Injection-Locked Frequency Divider in 40-nm CMOS

A compact W-band divide-by-three injection-locked frequency divider (ILFD) in 40-nm CMOS process is presented. A differential direct injection pair with second-harmonic peaking technique is proposed to enhanced the locking range. On-chip measurements show a locking range of 10.7 GHz (14.24%) from 69.8 GHz to 80.5 GHz with 0-dBm input power, and the free running oscillation frequency is 26.19 GHz. The dc power consumption is only 3.12 mW from a 1-V supply. The total chip area is 0.84 × 0.59 mm ² including the pads. This work achieves an outstanding figure-of-merit compared to the prior arts.