Application of Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle (SPM-NP) Heating in Wax Removal during Crude Oil Pipeline Pigging

Mechanical pigging is a major wax removal technique in crude oil pipeline transportation. To lower the risk of pig stalling accidents in pigging, a superparamagnetic nanoparticle (SPM-NP) pigging system that consists of an electromagnetic pig and nanopaint is designed to soften the wax deposit and reduce the wax resistive force. During pigging, the induction coil on the pig generates an alternating magnetic field, which induces heat production of the nanopaint on the pipe wall. The COMSOL software is used to simulate the temperature distribution of the wax layer. Yield stress measurements reveal that the wax layer yield stress is nearly linearly correlated to temperature. Compared with a regular pig, the SPM-NP pigging system reduces the wax resistive force by up to 20 similar to 40%, with an acceptable electrical current intensity of about 20 A in the given cases. Multiple factors affecting the wax layer temperature were analyzed. SPM-NP heating could be a promising technique for wax remediation and hydrate prevention.