Plasmon Inspired 2D Carbon Nitrides: Structural, Optical and Surface Characteristics for Improved Biomedical Applications

In the past few years, noble metal-based 2D nanomaterials particularly Ag and Au enriched carbon nitrides have seen advanced catalytic actions and reactivity. These composite nanostructures' chemical and physical characteristics have been applied to improve the targeted functionalities in healthcare and medical sciences. Many scientists and experts were inspired to study their foundational technologies in the medicinal industries via architectural and surface modifications by doping of noble nanoparticles. Here, we have provided fundamental ideas for structuring Ag and Au decorated CNs (carbon nitrides) by studying their morphological and modified surface properties for biomedical applications. There is a vast spectrum of publications that discusses the peculiarities of CNs and noble metal's key discoveries. The impact of surface plasmons resonance (SPR) is an essential factor for noble metals and that is why it is focused extensively for better performance in biomedical sectors. The elemental combinations on the CNs surfaces and their morphological status were found to be much more efficient which is broadly discussed. The fabrication techniques, structural characterizations, and SPR role of Ag and Au are addressed including fundamental concepts followed by many suitable examples under this review.