MINDeSEA – Exploring Seabed Mineral Deposits in European Seas, Metallogeny and Geological Potential for Stategic and Critical Raw Materials

Abstract This study summarizes the compilation and cartographic works of seabed mineral deposit types in pan-European seas developed under the GeoERA-MINDeSEA project. In total , 692 occurrences and 1194 individual mineral samples of volcanogenic massive sulphides and hydrothermal mineralisation; ferromanganese crusts; phosphorites; marine placer deposits; polymetallic nodules and their associated strategic and critical elements (CRM) are characterised. The GeoERA-MINDeSEA project has been built based on extensive studies carried out previously, which include geophysical surveys, sampling stations, underwater photography and ROV surveys, and mineralogical, geochemical and isotopic studies. The study currently develops pan-European and national databases, and expand the strategic and CRM knowledge through a compilation of mineral potential and metallogenic studies of CRM resources in European seas. GeoERA-MINDeSEA portal, for the first time, publish harmonised marine mineral resource information, case studies and maps; identify potential areas for responsible resource exploration and extraction; strategic management and Marine Spatial Planning. The study is also providing recommendations for future target areas, studies and standards to be used across Europe as part of this project.