Nutrigenomics: an Inimitable Interaction Amid Genomics, Nutrition and Health

Nutrigenomics is a study of how the genes and diet of a person interact. An individual's diet regime can drive gene regulation and its downstream ultimatum towards health illness through the food-receptor-gene network. Integrative science of genome-wide association along with nutrigenomics is investigating how genomic variation and receptor-mediated nutrient-sensing can optimize and maintain cellular homeostasis. Current scientific understandings have urged nutritional research to shift from traditional epidemiology and physiology to molecular biology, genetics and nutrigenomics which focus on deciphering the genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic effects of both nutrient deficiency and toxicity. From nutrigenomics point of view, nutrients are the potent signals/sensors that direct specific cells to undergo metabolic changes determining the result as a healthy or diseased individual. The varying cell sensing pattern towards a particular diet is known as ‘dietary signature’ that can be exploited for tailoring functional food and precision nutrition. ‘Data mining’ and various bioinformatics tools are helpful towards evidence-based intervention strategies by decoding nutrigenomics data as an ultimatum of which sound health is restored and diseases are prevented. This review is an attempt for the conglomeration of evolution of nutrigenomics, genome interaction and exploration of genomic tools to develop precision nutrition and food-based related disease.