Feasibility of deconvolution-based multiphase CT angiography perfusion maps in acute ischemic stroke: Simulation and concordance with CT perfusion

Objectives: Integration of CT perfusion (CTP) with requisite non-contrast CT and CT angiography (CTA) stroke imaging may allow efficient stroke lesion volume measurement. Using surrogate images from CTP, we simulated the feasibility of using multiphase CTA (mCTA) to generate perfusion maps and assess target mismatch profiles. Materials and methods: Patients with acute ischemic stroke who received admission CTP were included in this study. Four CTP images (surrogate mCTA, one pre-contrast and three post-contrast, starting at the arterial peak then at 8 s intervals) were selected according to the CTP arterial time-density curve to simulate non-contrast CT and mCTA images. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and Tmax maps were calculated using the same model-based deconvolution algorithm for the standard CTP and surrogate mCTA studies. Infarct and penumbra were delineated with CBF < 20% and Tmax > 6 s threshold, respectively. Classification accuracy of surrogate mCTA target mismatch (infarct <70 ml; penumbra >= 15 ml; mismatch ratio >= 1.8) with respect to standard CTP was assessed. Agreement between infarct and penumbra volumes from standard CTP and surrogate mCTA maps were evaluated by Bland-Altman analysis. Results: Of 34 included patients, 28 had target mismatch and 6 did not by standard CTP. Accuracy of classifying target mismatch profiles with surrogate mCTA was 79% with respect to that from standard CTP. Mean +/- standard deviation of differences (standard CTP minus surrogate mCTA) of infarct and penumbra volumes were 9.8 +/- 14.8 ml and 20.1 +/- 45.4 ml, respectively. Conclusions: Surrogate mCTA ischemic lesion volumes agreed with those from standard CTP and may be an efficient alternative when CTP is not practical.