Outcomes and factors contributing to poor prognosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in HIV-negative patients: a cross-sectional retrospective study in a Chinese single center

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is a life-threatening opportunistic infection mainly occurring in immunocompromised patients. Almost half of the 30 HIV-negative patients enrolled in this study from 2016–2020 in a Chinese single-center contracted 17 hematological malignancies, and 25 received long-term systemic corticosteroids. Only 4 patients received prophylaxis. The overall mortality was 30%. Patients with older age (> 43 years), dyspnea, and LDH > 404U/L had significantly higher risk of developing into a severe form. LDH > 424 U/L, PaO 2 < 60 mmHg, monocyte < 0.2 × 10^9/L, and lymphocyte < 0.3 × 10^9/L were factors contributing to a poor survival outcome.