Dual and Multi-Process Models of Adolescent Risk Taking

Several dual and multi-process models have been advanced to understand adolescent risk taking behavior such as unprotected sex and substance use. In this chapter, we describe the major mechanisms for explaining this kind of behavior proposed by four such models: dual systems model, neural imbalance model, prototype willingness model, and fuzzy-trace theory. We evaluate how each model, respectively, has fared in explaining risk taking behavior in the real world, as well as less ambiguous critical tests for such models. Based on this discussion and evaluation, we provide an integrative summary of what can be learned from these models in terms of understanding risk taking among adolescents. Further, we explain the practical implications of such lessons with respect to designing interventions aimed at reducing such behaviors.