Linear One-Dimensional Assembly of Metal Nanostructures onto an Asymmetric Peptide Nanofiber with High Persistence Length

Self-assembled peptide fibrils have been used extensively to template the organization of metal nanoparticles in a one-dimensional (1D) array. It has been observed that the formation of the 1D arrays with a width of a single or few nanoparticles (viz. 20 nm diameter) is only possible if the templating fibers have comparable diameters (viz. <= 20 nm). Accordingly, until today, all the peptide-based templates enabling such 1D arrays have very low persistence lengths, a property that depends strongly on the diameter of the template, owing to the inherent flexibility of only a few nanometer-wide fibers. Here, we demonstrate the formation of high persistence length 1D arrays templated by a short self-assembling peptide fibril with an asymmetrically distributed charged surface. The asymmetric nature of the peptide fibril allows charge-dependent deposition of the nanoparticles only to the part of the fiber with complementary charges, and the rest of the fibril surface remains free of nanoparticles. Consequently, fibers with a much higher diameter, which will have a higher persistence length, are able to template single or few nanoparticle-wide 1D arrays. Detailed microscopy, molecular dynamics simulations, and crystal structure analysis provide molecular-level insights into fiber asymmetry and its interactions with diverse nanostructures such as gold and magnetic nanoparticles. This study will afford an alternative paradigm for high persistence length 1D array fabrication comparable to DNA nanotechnology and lithography but with tremendous cost-effectiveness.