Polarized x-rays constrain the disk-jet geometry in the black hole x-ray binary Cygnus X-1.

Henric Krawczynski,Fabio Muleri,Michal Dovčiak,Alexandra Veledina,Nicole Rodriguez Cavero,Jiri Svoboda,Adam Ingram,Giorgio Matt,Javier A Garcia,Vladislav Loktev,Michela Negro,Juri Poutanen,Takao Kitaguchi,Jakub Podgorný,John Rankin,Wenda Zhang,Andrei Berdyugin,Svetlana V Berdyugina,Stefano Bianchi,Dmitry Blinov,Fiamma Capitanio,Niccolò Di Lalla,Paul Draghis,Sergio Fabiani,Masato Kagitani,Vadim Kravtsov,Sebastian Kiehlmann,Luca Latronico,Alexander A Lutovinov,Nikos Mandarakas,Frédéric Marin,Andrea Marinucci,Jon M Miller,Tsunefumi Mizuno,Sergey V Molkov,Nicola Omodei,Pierre-Olivier Petrucci,Ajay Ratheesh,Takeshi Sakanoi,Andrei N Semena, Raphael Skalidis, Paolo Soffitta,Allyn F Tennant,Phillipp Thalhammer,Francesco Tombesi,Martin C Weisskopf,Joern Wilms,Sixuan Zhang,Iván Agudo,Lucio A Antonelli,Matteo Bachetti,Luca Baldini,Wayne H Baumgartner,Ronaldo Bellazzini,Stephen D Bongiorno,Raffaella Bonino,Alessandro Brez,Niccolò Bucciantini,Simone Castellano,Elisabetta Cavazzuti,Stefano Ciprini,Enrico Costa,Alessandra De Rosa,Ettore Del Monte,Laura Di Gesu,Alessandro Di Marco,Immacolata Donnarumma,Victor Doroshenko,Steven R Ehlert,Teruaki Enoto,Yuri Evangelista,Riccardo Ferrazzoli,Shuichi Gunji,Kiyoshi Hayashida,Jeremy Heyl,Wataru Iwakiri,Svetlana G Jorstad,Vladimir Karas,Jeffery J Kolodziejczak,Fabio La Monaca,Ioannis Liodakis,Simone Maldera,Alberto Manfreda,Alan P Marscher,Herman L Marshall,Ikuyuki Mitsuishi,Chi-Yung Ng,Stephen L O'Dell,Chiara Oppedisano,Alessandro Papitto,George G Pavlov,Abel L Peirson,Matteo Perri,Melissa Pesce-Rollins,Maura Pilia,Andrea Possenti,Simonetta Puccetti,Brian D Ramsey,Roger W Romani,Carmelo Sgrò,Patrick Slane,Gloria Spandre,Toru Tamagawa,Fabrizio Tavecchio,Roberto Taverna,Yuzuru Tawara,Nicholas E Thomas,Alessio Trois,Sergey Tsygankov,Roberto Turolla,Jacco Vink,Kinwah Wu,Fei Xie,Silvia Zane

Science (New York, N.Y.)（2022）

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摘要

A black hole x-ray binary (XRB) system forms when gas is stripped from a normal star and accretes onto a black hole, which heats the gas sufficiently to emit x-rays. We report a polarimetric observation of the XRB Cygnus X-1 using the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer. The electric field position angle aligns with the outflowing jet, indicating that the jet is launched from the inner x-ray-emitting region. The polarization degree is 4.01 ± 0.20% at 2 to 8 kiloelectronvolts, implying that the accretion disk is viewed closer to edge-on than the binary orbit. These observations reveal that hot x-ray-emitting plasma is spatially extended in a plane perpendicular to, not parallel to, the jet axis.

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