Abric de la Ratlla del Bubo (Crevillent, Alicante). Results of the 1986-1991 campaigns. New data on its palaeolithic sequence

The rock shelter of Ratlla del Bubo (Crevillent, Alicante) is one of the key sites for the knowledge of the Upper Palaeolithic in the central Iberian Mediterranean basin, especially regarding its initial phases. Several archaeological fieldworks has been carried out in the site, both clandestine and scientific. However, before this paper, the information available was partial and, in many cases, referred to remains without stratigraphic reference. This study presents the results of the analysis of the lithic, archaeobotanical and faunal material recovered during the 1986-1991 campaigns. In addition, we present an extensive series of AMS radiocarbon dates. On the basis of all this information, it has been possible to establish the occupational sequence of the four levels on the top of the rock shelter stratigraphy excavated during the studied campaings. The three lower levels documented, based on the lithic techno-typology and chronology, have been defined and related to the Gravettian technocomplex. The upper-level lacks 14C dating and it has been more difficult to assign; the characteristics of the lithic material lead us to link it to Solutreo-Gravettian occupations. On the other hand, a fundamental part of the paper are the results of the analysis of the archaeobotanical and faunal materials, which are coherent with the proposed sequence and allow a precise understanding of the human occupation of the area, as well as the use of resources during the Gravettian and Solutreo-Gravettian periods. One of the most relevant results of the study is that the proposed occupation sequence modifies the preliminary ascription made at the beginning of the 1990s. The study will improve the information currently available for the Early Upper Palaeolithic in the Iberian Mediterranean basin and, especially, in its central area.