Bone-Targeted Dual Functional Lipid-coated Drug Delivery System for Osteosarcoma Therapy

Purpose or Objective Osteosarcoma is well-known for its high incidence in children and adolescents and long-term bone pain, which seriously reduces the life quality of patients. Cisplatin (CDDP), as the first-line anti-osteosarcoma drug, has been used in many anticancer treatments. At the same time, the serious side effects of platinum (Pt) drugs have also attracted widespread attention. To accurately deliver Pt drugs to the lesion site and realize controlled release of Pt drugs, certain modified delivery systems have been extensively studied. Methods Among them, liposomes have been approved for clinical cancer treatment due to their highly biocompatibility and superior modifiability. Here, we developed a bone-targeted dual functional lipid-coated drug delivery system, lipid-coated CDDP alendronate nanoparticles (LCA NPs) to target the bone and precisely deliver the drugs to the tumor site. Cell toxicity, apoptosis and cellular uptake were detected to evaluate the anticancer effect for LCA NPs. Furthermore, transwell assay and wound healing assay were conducted to estimate the osteosarcoma cell migration and invasion. Hemolysis assay was utilized to assess the biocapitibility of the kind of NPs. Results With the aim of bone-targeted unit alendronate (ALD), LCA NPs serve as a rich bone homing Pt delivery system to exert efficient anticancer effects and synergistically reduce bone resorption and bone loss potentially. Conclusions By providing a highly biocompatible platform for osteosarcoma therapy, LCA NPs may help to significantly enhance the anticancer effect of Pt and greatly reduce the systemic toxicity and side effects of Pt towards osteosarcoma.