low-energy electronic recoil calibration of XENON1T, a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber, with an internal ^37 Ar source was performed. This calibration source features a 35-day half-life and provides two mono-energetic lines at 2.82 keV and 0.27 keV. The photon yield and electron yield at 2.82 keV are measured to be ( 32.3 ± 0.3 ) photons/keV and ( 40.6 ± 0.5 ) electrons/keV, respectively, in agreement with other measurements and with NEST predictions. The electron yield at 0.27 keV is also measured and it is ( 68.0^+6.3_-3.7 ) electrons/keV. The ^37 Ar calibration confirms that the detector is well-understood in the energy region close to the detection threshold, with the 2.82 keV line reconstructed at ( 2.83 ± 0.02 ) keV, which further validates the model used to interpret the low-energy electronic recoil excess previously reported by XENON1T. The ability to efficiently remove argon with cryogenic distillation after the calibration proves that ^37 Ar can be considered as a regular calibration source for multi-tonne xenon detectors.
