The common marmoset in biomedical research: experimental disease models and veterinary management.

The common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus, is increasingly being used as the preferred nonhuman primate (NHP) model in biomedical research. Marmosets share several physiological and biological similarities with humans, as a Simiiformes species, and their use in research programs advances knowledge of several fields. Their unique characteristics, such as small size, high fecundity, and rapid growth, offer additional advances in laboratory settings. This article reviews the developments in experimental disease models using marmosets based on our experience at the Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA) in Japan. The development of genetically modified marmoset models using advanced genome editing technology attracts researchers, particularly in neuroscience-related fields. In parallel, various marmoset models of human diseases induced by surgery or drug administration have contributed to preclinical and translational studies. Among these are models for Parkinson's disease, induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; spinal cord injury models; a model for type 1 diabetes, induced by the combination of partial pancreatectomy and streptozotocin administration; and a hepatic fibrosis model induced by thioacetamides. The development of these models has been supported by refinements in veterinary care, such as the careful design of anesthetic protocols and better understanding of pathogenic microorganisms. In the second part of this review, we present a compilation of practices currently in use at CIEA that provide optimal animal care and enable safe experimentation.