A hierarchical dispatch strategy of hybrid energy storage system in internet data center with model predictive control

•An analysis model for dynamic available energy of UPS in IDC is proposed.•Integrated dispatching strategy of the UPS and conventional units.•A reallocation method based on dispatching error and SOC of BESS improve the optimization of SOC and the revenue of the IDC increased by about ¥5950.•Proposed strategy increases UPS utilization by about 85% and reduces the MAE and RMSE of the SOC fluctuation to 12%-19%.