Assessing the incentives and financial compensation of agroforestry considering the uncertainty of price and yield

•Uncertainty & economic compensation for agroforestry in various cases are assessed.•Consider planting rice, corn, & acacia under uncertain price & yield with/without support policies.•By results, compensation is accepted at NTD 20 k-65 k/ha/yr (resp., corn at 20 k-90 k).•High-risk-averse farmers could receive NTD 50 k to plant trees at 15 % of land.•Farmers with lower initial investments in land had more incentives to plant trees.