Proteomic profiling reveals the molecular control of oocyte maturation.

Meiotic maturation is an intricate and precisely regulated process orchestrated by various pathways and numerous proteins. However, little is known about the proteome landscape during oocytes maturation. Here, we obtained the temporal proteomic profiles of mouse oocytes during in vivo maturation. We successfully quantified 4,694 proteins from 4,500 oocytes in three key stages (GV, GVBD, and MII). In particular, we discovered the novel proteomic features during oocyte maturation, such as the active Skp1-Cullin-Fbox pathway and an increase in mRNA-decay-related proteins. Using functional approaches, we further identified the key factors controlling the histone acetylation state in oocytes and the vital proteins modulating meiotic cell cycle. Taken together, our data serve as a broad resource on the dynamics occurring in oocyte proteome and provide important knowledge to better understand the molecular mechanisms during germ cell development.