Modification of temperature-related human mortality by area-level socioeconomic and demographic characteristics in Latin American cities

•Limited evidence of effect modification of cold-related mortality in Latin American cities.•High income inequality is associated with greater excess mortality from cold for all ages.•Segregation and poverty are associated with higher excess mortality due to cold among the elderly.•Results for heat-related mortality are opposite of expectations (e.g., higher poverty – less heat-related mortality).•The results for heat-related mortality require further investigation.