A Concise Review on the Synthesis, and Characterization of the Pyrolytic Lignocellulosic Biomass for Oil, Char and Gas Production: Recent Advances and its Environmental Application

Due to its richness and carbon neutrality, biomass is emerging as a useful resource in the hunt for renewable energy sources. The process of pyrolysis is widely used to transform biomass into useful hydrocarbons or alternative energy sources. Lignocellulosic biomass is a renewable energy source that is high in carbon. This review article describes the pyrolysis process, which includes biomass pre-treatment, pyrolysis mechanism, and process product upgrading. The pre-treatments of bio material using chemical and physical methods are investigated. One of the ineffective methods for transforming lignocellulosic biomass—which contains components of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin—into solids, liquids, and gases is pyrolysis. The pyrolysis conversion mechanism includes the production of char, depolymerization, fragmentation, and several secondary reactions. Research gaps are also identified, along with suggestions for improving pre-treatment methods. It is also described how the performance of the pyrolysis process is affected by the properties of the feedstock, operating parameters, and biomass kinds. Using a few research concepts, rapid progress in pyrolysis instrument identification is discussed. This study starts with a review of the chemistry of contemporary lignocellulose pyrolysis and moves on to the production of various products like oil, gas, and char.