Utilization of logging residue powder as a bio-based reinforcement for injection molded poly(lactic acid) biocomposites

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and its biocomposites have become the leading renewable and biodegradable substitute of fossil-based thermoplastics and other products. Several types of wood and plant-derived lignocellulosic materials such as fibers, sawdust, particles, straws, etc. are the regular reinforcing materials for the fabrication of PLA-based biocomposites. Logging residues are among the most underutilized or low-valued biomasses and have no niche applications other than energy generation or left in forest for soil improvement. This study focuses on the utilization of ground powder from logging residues as reinforcement biomass in the production of PLA-based biocomposites using the injection molding process. Powders made of virgin and hot water extracted logging residues were used in the fabrication of PLA biocomposites. The physical, mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties of PLA-based biocomposites were thoroughly evaluated in comparison to pure PLA. Further, kraft lignin was used as a filler in PLA biocomposites as comparative study as well as between in combination with logging residue powder in PLA matrix. The obtained results indicated that logging residue powder could be a novel and suitable reinforcement for PLA-based biocomposites fabrication. Importantly the addition of logging residues significantly improved the tensile modulus, modulus of elasticity and UV stability of PLA biocomposites.