Assessing the individual benefits of reducing HIV diagnosis delay and increasing adherence to HIV care and treatment.

We used an agent-based simulation model (Progression and Transmission of HIV) to follow for 20 years a cohort of persons in the United States infected with HIV in 2015. We assessed the benefits of reducing the delay between HIV infection and diagnosis and increasing adherence to HIV care and treatment on the percent of persons surviving 20 years after infection, average annual HIV transmission rates, and time spent virally suppressed. We examined average diagnosis delays of 1.0-7.0 years, monthly care drop-out rates of 5% to 0.1%, and combinations of these strategies. The percent of the cohort surviving the first 20 years of infection varied from 70.8% to 77.5%, and the annual transmission risk, from 1.5 to 5.2 HIV transmissions per 100 person-years. Thus, individuals can enhance their survival and reduce their risk of transmission to partners by frequent testing for HIV and adhering to care and treatment.