Kidney Transplantation for a Patient With Protein C Deficiency Using Activated Protein C Concentrate: A Case Report

Thrombophilia causes thrombosis after kidney transplantation (KT). Protein C deficiency is a rare form of hereditary thrombophilia. To our knowledge, there are few reports on KT for patients with protein C deficiency, and there are no reports of KT in patients with protein C deficiency administered with activated protein C concentrate.Here we reported the case of a patient with protein C deficiency who underwent KT without the occurrence of any fresh thrombosis after administration of an activated protein C concentrate. The patients was a 49-year-old woman diagnosed with immunoglobulin A nephropathy at 20 years of age. During pregnancy, she experienced deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities and pulmonary embolism for which she was started on warfarin. After a thorough examination, the patient was diagnosed with protein C deficiency. The patient had end-stage kidney disease and received a preemptive living donor kidney transplant from her mother.To prevent thrombosis, we switched from oral warfarin to continuous heparin 7 days before surgery. Heparin was discontinued 6 hours before surgery, and continuous activated protein C concentrate was administered 12 hours before surgery. Heparin administration was resumed 6 hours after the surgery. Warfarin administration was restarted 3 days after the surgery, and heparin was discontinued 11 days post-surgery. The surgery was performed without complications. After the KT, the patient's renal function steadily improved, and no fresh thrombosis were observed.Thrombosis can cause graft loss and pulmonary embolism, thus appropriate administration of activated protein C concentrate may help prevent thrombosis.