Highly efficient operation and uniform characteristics of curved mirror Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Abstract This study obtained highly uniform and efficient GaN-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with curved mirror from a single wafer. The average threshold current (Ith) and the optical output power (Pmax) of 14 nominally identical chips measured up to 7 mA were 0.64 mA and 4.5 mW, respectively. The standard deviations of Ith and Pmax were 0.043 mA and 0.23 mW, respectively. Additionally, the best chip shows maximum values of wall plug efficiency and output power of 13.4% and 7.6 mW, respectively, at 5.2 mA and 12.8 mA operating currents.