An optimal coordinated planning strategy for distributed energy station based on characteristics of electric vehicle charging behavior under carbon trading mechanism

•The Monte Carlo method is used to construct the charging load of EV in the planning area divided into four different vehicles type.•The Prim algorithm is adopted to search for the optimal network layout of energy transmission pipelines.•Proposed collaborative planning modeling promotes the time-of-use electricity price scheme to change the temporal and spatial characteristics of EV charging load.•The growth of EV charging load in the planning area has not increased the investment and operation-maintenance costs of DES equipment, and reduced carbon transaction costs as well as improved economic of system operation.•Simulations are conducted to verify the effeteness of proposed method.