C-O Bond Activation in Mononuclear Lanthanide Oxocarbonyl Complexes OLn(eta 2-CO) (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, and Nd)

Fundamental investigation of metal-CO interactions is of great importance for the development of high-performance catalysts to CO activation. Herein, a series of side-on bonded mononuclear lanthanide (Ln) oxocarbonyl complexes OLn(12-CO) (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, and Nd) have been prepared and identified in solid argon matrices. The complexes exhibit uncommonly low C-O stretching bands near 1630 cm-1, indicating remarkable C-O bond activation in these Ln analogues. The 12-CO ligand in OLn(12-CO) can be claimed as an anion on the basis of the experimental observations and quantum chemistry investigations, although the CO anion is commonly considered to be unstable with electron auto-detachment. The CO activation in OLn(12-CO) is attributed to the photoinduced intramolecular charge transfer from LnO to CO rather than the generally accepted metal-* CO x back-donation, which conforms to the traditional Dewar-Chatt-Duncanson motif. Energy decomposition analysis combined with natural orbitals for chemical valence calculations demonstrates that the bonding between LnO and 12-CO arises from the combination of dominant ionic forces (>76%) and normal Lewis "acid-base" interactions. The fundamental findings provide guidelines for the catalyst design of CO activation.