POWERUP: A 3D-Printed Exoskeleton and Serious Games for the Rehabilitation of Children with Motor Disabilities.

Objective: This study presents the design and evaluation of goal-directed arm tasks using a customised exoskeleton for children with motor disabilities (MD). A further aim was to investigate the suitability of using video games or virtual reality as motivational technologies for gamified functional exercises. Methods: An upper limb exoskeleton and two gamified solutions adapted for functional exercises have been developed. Preliminary tests have been carried out with children with motor impairments and similar disorders to assess the level of satisfaction with the use of this proposed configuration. Results: The satisfaction results regarding the usability of the exoskeleton with these immersive gamified systems have been very positive, highlighting the ease of use, adaptability, comfort, lightness and safety of the exoskeleton. Preliminary validation results of the concept idea have also been excellent, as the exoskeleton system combined with the goal-directed tasks based video game has provided the user with the perception of control from the first session. The design, based on 3D printed materials, will allow the exoskeleton to be used more widely in day care centres due to its low cost and high usability. Conclusion: Training with gamified systems that motivate the patient to perform exercises together with exoskeletons that aid movement are positively accepted by children with motor disabilities. In addition, the use of an exoskeleton seems to improve the goals achieved by the children in the games.