The value of preoperative medical assessment for adult spinal deformity surgery: Risk determination, quality, and cost considerations

Adult spinal deformity (ASD) is common and has a significant impact on health-related quality of life. Identification of risk factors for perioperative complications in ASD surgery is a priority for ensuring cost-effectiveness. Preoperative optimization of significant patient risk factors can benefit patient outcome. Establishing benchmarks for expected complications based upon known risk factors is an important goal for future studies on quality of care.