Bioconversion of cyanobacteria by black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens L.): Enhancement by antioxidants

Cyanobacterial blooms have been a global environmental problem for decades. Bioconversion by black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) has been widely reported to be a clean and efficient method to remove organic pollutants. In this study, BSFL bioconversion was used to treat cyanobacterial blooms. Antioxidants (a mixture of l-ascorbic acid [180 mg/kg fresh feed] and α-tocopherol [360 mg/kg fresh feed]) were added to compare bioconversion performance against a non-supplemented group. With increasing proportions of cyanobacteria (0%–25% dry mass), the bioconversion efficiency of the antioxidant group improved significantly compared to the control group, and the survival rate of larvae rose from 96.50–45.50% to 98.00–55.83% with antioxidant addition. The toxic effects of exogenous anti-nutrients could be reduced by the antioxidants through inactivation of trypsin inhibitor and enhancement of the microcystin-LR degradation rate. Overall, the BSFL bioremediation capacity was improved with addition of exogenous antioxidants, verifying both the effects and mechanism of antioxidant addition in promoting the bioconversion of cyanobacteria by BSFL and providing a basis for future application and study.