A scoping review of diet and physical activity interventions in Latina and Black breast cancer survivors

Abstract Background: A growing number of lifestyle interventions are being developed to promote weight loss and adoption of a healthy lifestyle among breast cancer (BC) survivors. However, Black and Latina BC survivors remains underrepresented. We performed a scoping review to examine the available peer-reviewed literature to describe the content, design, methods, and primary outcomes of current diet and/or physical activity (PA) interventions designed specifically for Black and Latina BC survivors. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, MEDLINE and Clinicaltrials.gov databases were queried up to May 14, 2022, using an inclusion criterion that consisted of four overarching concepts: 1) female breast cancer, 2) diet and/or PA intervention, 3) self-reported race, ethnicity as Black/African American and/or Hispanic/Latina and 4) randomized study design. Results: Our search yielded 1,436 trials, of which 22 trials met inclusion criteria for this review. We identified 6 efficacy trials, 12 pilot trials, and 5 currently ongoing studies. Nine trials were conducted among Latina BC survivors (4 diet, 5 PA, and 2 diet and PA interventions), 6 trials were among Black BC survivors (2 PA and 1 diet and PA interventions) and 7 were conducted among both groups (5 PA and 2 diet and PA interventions). Only 8 out of 22 trials incorporated intervention content on both diet and PA behaviors, of which, 3 incorporated a culturally focused approach for Latinas BC survivors and 1 for Black BC survivors (i.e., traditional/cultural foods, music, education materials in Spanish, bicultural health coaches, connections to spirituality). Among the 8 trials targeting both diet and PA, all of them were pilot studies and only 3 were found to have favorable impact on healthy diet and exercise behaviors. Out of 4 trials with one-year outcomes, 3 (1 diet, 1 PA and 1 diet and PA intervention) showed a change in behavior sustained at this time point with only 1 being an efficacy trial for PA. Electronic/mobile components (e.g., websites, mobile applications, emails) were incorporated in 6 trials (3 among Black BC survivors , 2 among Latina BC survivors , and 2 among both groups) and just 1 trial conducted among Latina BC survivors involved informal caregivers (i.e., family or friends). Lastly, most trials in this review were conducted in the Northeast (n=7, NY, NC, DC, NJ) and Texas (n=4), limiting generalizability of findings to Black and Latina BC survivors residing in other states and settings. Conclusions: There is a growing number of lifestyle interventions among BC survivors, yet few are designed and culturally tailored to the unique needs of Black and Latina BC survivors. There is an unmet need for dietary and PA randomized clinical interventions for Black and Latina BC survivors as well as randomized rials that incorporate technology and informal sources of support (e.g., caregivers, family, etc.)—factors that are critical to increase access, adoption, and maintenance of healthful lifestyles among cancer survivors. Citation Format: Yaideliz M. Romero-Ramos, Melinda Irwin, Ana I. Velazquez, Leah M. Ferruci, Tara Sanft, Brenda Cartmel, Margaret S. Pichardo. A scoping review of diet and physical activity interventions in Latina and Black breast cancer survivors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C104.