Damage behavior analysis of unidirectional fiber reinforced shape memory polymer composites

•The stress state and damage modes of SMPC were analyzed theoretically.•Considering the compressive strain of matrix, the strain energy of matrix cracking and fiber fracture damage systems were developed.•The neutral surface position, critical buckling position, critical damage position, and half-wavelength were solved by using the minimum energy principle.•The expressions and evolution rules during the damage propagation process were obtained by energy method.