Dual-targeting celecoxib nanoparticles protect intestinal epithelium and regulate macrophage polarization for ulcerative colitis treatment

•Dual targeted celecoxib nanodevice provides precise ulcerative colitis drug delivery.•The inflamed enterocytes are improved by modulating Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB pathways.•The activated M1 macrophages are regulated to M2 for suppressing inflammation.•The microenvironment is modulated by severing the inflammatory crosstalk.•The intestinal flora in UC mice is regulated toward a healthier state.