Medial prefrontal cortex input to basolateral amygdala controls acute stress-induced short-term anxiety-like behavior in mice

Anxiety is a normal and transitory emotional state that allows the organisms to cope well with the real or perceived threats, while excessive or prolonged anxiety is a key characteristic of anxiety disorders. We have recently revealed that prolonged anxiety induced by chronic stress is associated with the circuit-varying dysfunction of basolateral amygdala projection neurons (BLA PNs). However, it is not yet known whether similar mechanisms also emerge for acute stress-induced, short-lasting increase of anxiety. Here, using a mouse model of acute restraint stress (ARS), we found that ARS mice showed increased anxiety-like behavior at 2 h but not 24 h after stress, and this effect was accompanied by a transient increase of the activity of BLA PNs. Specifically, ex vivo patch-clamp recordings revealed that the increased BLA neuronal activity did not differ among the distinct BLA neuronal populations, regardless of their projection targets being the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) or elsewhere. We further demonstrated that such effects were mainly mediated by the enhanced presynaptic glutamate release in dmPFC-to-BLA synapses but not lateral amygdala-to-BLA ones. Furthermore, while optogenetically weakening the presynaptic glutamate release in dmPFC-to-BLA synapses ameliorated ARS-induced anxiety-like behavior, strengthening the release increased in unstressed mice. Together, these findings suggest that acute stress causes short-lasting increase in anxiety-like behavior by facilitating synaptic transmission from the prefrontal cortex to the amygdala in a circuit-independent fashion.