Spatio-temporal Evolution of Tourism Development Quality under the New Development Pattern of “Double Circulation”

This paper constructs an evaluation system of tourism development quality (TDQ) that can reflect the new development concept from five dimensions: tourism product quality, tourism service quality, tourism economic quality, tourism social quality, and tourism environment quality. The comprehensive evaluation model of the improved “vertical and horizontal” open-level method is used to measure the TDQ in 31 provinces in China from 2005 to 2019. Combined with the model of Markov chain and hot-spot analysis, the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics are analyzed. The major findings are as follows: (1) China’s TDQ tended to improve and showed a decreasing trend of “east–central–west” from 2005 to 2019. (2) Spatial factors have a certain impact on the transfer of different levels of TDQ. Moreover, a certain phenomenon of “club convergence” exists. (3) The hot spots of TDQ expanded, and the cold spots contracted, indicating increased high-level agglomeration and weakened low-level agglomeration from 2005 to 2019.