Impact of dietary supplementation with coenzyme Q10 on periodontitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

To explore the impact of CoQ10 supplementation on periodontitis, a systematic review of controlled trials (PROSPERO: CRD42021274876) was performed from 1970 to November 2022 through Web of Science (ISI), Google Scholar, Embase, CENTRAL, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and ProQuest. A random-effect model was used considering clinical attachment loss (CAL), plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding index (BI), and probing depth (PD). Of 97 records, eight trials were included. CoQ10 supplementation significantly reduce CAL (WMD, –0.66 (–0.81 to –0.50), P < 0.0001; I2 = 93.4 %) and GI (WMD, –0.20 (–0.40–0.00), P = 0.05; I2 = 98.5 %), but it could not affect PI (WMD, –0.07 (–0.16–0.02), P = 0.11, I2 = 91.2 %), PD (WMD, –0.28 (–0.67–0.12), P = 0.17; I2 = 98.4 %), and BI (WMD, –0.58 (–1.40–0.24), P = 0.17; I2 = 99.5 %) significantly. CoQ10 had a stronger reduction effect on PI and GI in individuals ≥ 40 years old and in doses of ≤ 60 mg CoQ10. Longer duration of CoQ10 supplementation was also more effective in reducing PD. CAL reduced greater when CoQ10 was administered for longer than 12 weeks, in a dose of > 60 mg, and in younger individuals. CoQ10 supplementation in periodontitis may have beneficial effect on GI and CAL. Further investigations in this regard are needed to draw conclusive results.