A qualitative study of the implementation and continued delivery of complete and partial smoke-free policies across England's prison estate.

Our results identify the urgent need for more work to explore rates and reasons for relapse to smoking on transfer to the open estate and after release. With the majority of smokers in the closed prison estate now using an e-cigarettes to manage their nicotine addiction, one way to support long term tobacco abstinence could be to place greater emphasis on this switching behaviour as a way of reducing tobacco-related harm within this population.