Origin and tectonic evolution of the Langshan (NW China): Insights from Proterozoic magmatic and sedimentary records

•The Langshan can be divisible into northeastern and southwestern Langshan based on different tectono-thermal evolution history.•Abundant magmatism and sedimentation related to the breakup of the Columbia supercontinent were identified in the northeastern Langshan.•A continental fragment with an affinity to the southwestern Langshan was juxtaposed to an early Paleozoic accretionary complex in the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt.