Venetoclax and dinaciclib elicit synergistic preclinical efficacy against hypodiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Hypodiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is an aggressive blood cancer with a poor prognosis despite intensive chemotherapy or stem cell transplant. Children and adolescents with positive end-of-induction minimal residual disease (MRD) have an overall survival lower than 30%. However, data regarding therapeutic alternatives for this disease is nearly nonexistent, emphasizing the critical need for new or adjunctive therapies that can improve outcomes. We previously reported on the therapeutic efficacy of venetoclax (ABT-199) in hypodiploid B-ALL but with limitations as monotherapy. In this study, we set out to identify drugs enhancing the anti-leukemic effect of venetoclax in hypodiploid ALL. Using a high throughput drug screen, we identified dinaciclib, a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor that worked synergistically with venetoclax to induce cell death in hypodiploid cell lines. This combination eradicated leukemic blasts within hypodiploid ALL PDX mice with low off-target toxicity. Our findings suggest that dual inhibition of BCL-2 (venetoclax) and CDK9/MCL-1 (dinaciclib) is a promising therapeutic approach in hypodiploid ALL, warranting further investigation to inform clinical trials in this high-risk patient population.