Three-dimensional numerical simulation of the temperature distribution within a large lithium-ion battery

A one-dimensional model of an electrochemical battery does not adequately simulate thermal runaway in a large battery; a three-dimensional model is required. Here, we combine a one-dimensional electrochemical cell with a two-dimensional resistor network to simulate thermal distribution in a lithium-ion battery. Based on electrode current density and the potential distribution, the temperature distribution, as a function of discharge time is predicted using two principal source equations for heat generation: one for the electrochemical reaction and the other for the current collector resistance. The model outputs were in good agreement with the experimental data of Kim et al. [1]. Our results provide an overview of temperature distribution, and also the discharge curves at varying discharge rates. Our findings can be used to optimize the design of large batteries and control their thermal characteristics.