Lignin-based porous junction for silver-silver chloride reference electrodes

Carbonized lignin powder was used as a salt bridge for a silver-silver chloride reference electrode. This easy-to-prepare reference electrode exhibited excellent stability in saturated potassium chloride solution. In addition, the electrochemical impedance spectra showed that the prepared reference electrode is stable in acidic, neutral, and basic aqueous solutions (pH 1 - 12) and has similar impedances to its glass frit equivalent.