Nicotiana tabacum as a dead-end trap for adult Diaphorina citri : A potential biological tactic for protecting citrus orchards.

The Asian citrus psyllid, Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), is a key vector of the causal agents of Huanglongbing (HLB), a devastating disease affecting citrus almost worldwide. L. is an important commercial crop in China. Field observations suggested that adults die on leaves when grown nearby citrus orchards. In this study, the preference for and survivorship of adults on and their feeding behavior were investigated. The results showed that adults were attracted to and to the green leaf volatiles (GLVs) ()-3-hexenol and ()-2-hexenol. The survival of adults on was less than 30 h, which was shorter than that for adults without food (35 h) and on a suitable host L. (29 days). Electrical penetration graph (EPG) recordings revealed that the pathway phase of on leaves consisted of four waveforms-the non-probing phase (NP), the pathway phase (PP, including intercellular probing of activity in the phloem (C) and phloem penetration (D)), phloem salivation (E1), and phloem ingestion (E2). only secreted saliva and ingested sap from phloem on leaves and spent the longest duration in phloem sap ingestion (E2). Moreover, L-nicotine, an important defense compound against insects in plants, was highly toxic to . These results suggested that plants could help to sustainably control the spread of and HLB when growing in and around citrus orchards.