Ion-Sensitive Three-Terminal Device as a Universal Hybrid Platform With TiO₂ Nanowires on the Channel

We developed a three-terminal ion-sensitive device (TTISD) as a proton (H+) and arsenic (As3+) sensor for the detection of glucose and As(III) dissolved in water. The TTISD was fabricated using the e-beam evaporation and glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique. The TiO2 nanowires (NWs) were grown by GLAD on the conducting nafion channel of the TTISD to immobilize the test specimens. Arsenic (As) contamination in drinking water is a burning issue as it’s a threat to human health beyond the safe limit of As(III) in drinking water (0.005 mg/dL). Glucose concentration within the limit of 0–200 mg/dL in various body fluids, such as blood, sweat, and saliva is also a necessary parameter to monitor. Early detection of high As(III) concentration in water and regular monitoring of glucose concentration in the human body are essential for human health and safety. This work presents a common nano-hybrid platform for the detection of low-concentration glucose (40–200 mg/dL) and high-concentration arsenic (0.02–2 mg/dL) in drinking water. The device exhibits a rapid response time of ~1 s, enabling real-time detection of glucose and As(III).