Ipsc-Derived Organ-on-a-chip Models for Personalized Human Genetics and Pharmacogenomics Studies.

Organ-on-a-chip (OoC) technology combined with iPSC and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) technology enables modeling of complex genetic diseases and environmental factors such as the microbiome.By creating and combining multiorgan and patient-specific models, genetic variants, and risk scores can be validated to facilitate the translation of associative findings to biological models.OoC models provide an improved environment that mimics physiological cell- to organ-level interactions.The genetic background of disease can be studied at the multiorgan level by generating OoC models from iPSC lines.OoCs will soon be used to study human (patho)physiology, pharmacogenetics, and drug discovery, which may reduce animal testing and accelerate translation.