Better specificity and less ischemia: three-dimensional reconstruction is superior to routine computed tomography angiography in navigation of super-selective clamping robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.

For patients undergoing RALPN, H3DR-guided surgery compared with standard CTA-guided surgery has higher accuracy and feasibility in controlling arterial branches supplying the tumor and intraoperative surgical navigation. Additionally, it reduces the ischemic lesion area and simplifies vascular isolation steps, thus decreasing procedural difficulty.